1047 User Guide

Required Hardware

• A 1047 Encoder Phidget
• A quadrature encoder
• A USB Cable
• A Computer

Connecting the Pieces

1. Connect the encoder to the 1047 Encoder Phidget using one of the included encoder cables (Soldering may be required).
2. Connect your device to your computer using the USB cable.

Testing Using Windows

Phidget Control Panel

In order to demonstrate the functionality of the 1047, the Phidget Control Panel running on a Windows machine will be used.

The Phidget Control Panel is available for use on both macOS and Windows machines.

Windows

To open the Phidget Control Panel on Windows, find the icon in the taskbar. If it is not there, open up the start menu and search for Phidget Control Panel

macOS

To open the Phidget Control Panel on macOS, open Finder and navigate to the Phidget Control Panel in the Applications list. Double click on the icon to bring up the Phidget Control Panel.

For more information, take a look at the getting started guide for your operating system:

• Getting started with Windows
• Getting started with macOS

Linux users can follow the getting started with Linux guide and continue reading here for more information about the 1047.

First Look

After plugging the 1047 into your computer and opening the Phidget Control Panel, you will see something like this:

The Phidget Control Panel will list all connected Phidgets and associated objects, as well as the following information:

• Serial number: allows you to differentiate between similar Phidgets.
• Channel: allows you to differentiate between similar objects on a Phidget.
• Version number: corresponds to the firmware version your Phidget is running. If your Phidget is listed in red, your firmware is out of date. Update the firmware by double-clicking the entry.

The Phidget Control Panel can also be used to test your device. Double-clicking on an object will open an example.

Encoder

Double-click on the Encoder object, labelled {{{2}}}, in order to run the example: [[Image:{{{1}}}_Encoder_Example.jpg|center|link=]]

General information about the selected object will be displayed at the top of the window. You can also experiment with the following functionality:

• Position Change: the number of ticks (or quadrature cycles) that have occurred since the last change event.
• Time Change: the amount of time in milliseconds that has elapsed since the last change event.
• Position: the total position in ticks relative to where the encoder was when the window was opened.
• Index Position: the position where the index channel was last encountered. Some encoders do not support index, check your encoder's datasheet for more information.
• Velocity: the average velocity in rotations per second. A CPR must be specified to enable this functionality.
• Specify a counts per revolution (CPR) value to enable velocity calculation.

Testing Using Mac OS X

1. Go to the Quick Downloads section on the Mac OS X page.
2. Download and run the Phidget OS X Installer
3. Click on System Preferences >> Phidgets (under Other) to activate the Preference Pane
4. Make sure your device is properly attached
5. Double click on your device's objects in the listing to open them. The Preference Pane and examples will function very similarly to the ones described above in the Windows section.

Testing Using Linux

For a general step-by-step guide on getting Phidgets running on Linux, see the Linux page.

Using a Remote OS

We recommend testing your Phidget on a desktop OS before moving on to remote OS. Once you've tested your Phidget, you can go to the PhidgetSBC, or iOS pages to learn how to proceed.

Technical Details

The PhidgetEncoder Highspeed 4-Input can be used with a wide assortment of mechanical and optical encoders. The encoder should be of quadrature output type, indicating that there will be two quadrature output channels (usually labeled A and B) and a third output channel (only on some encoders) to signal when the index pin (a reference point for zero position or a complete revolution) has been reached.

The PhidgetEncoder Highspeed 4-Input is able to read four encoders simultaneously. Encoders are not powered up until all initialization of the device is complete. It is possible to enable some or all encoders, depending on how many of the channels are being used. This can also be used to reduce power consumption when certain encoders are not needed.

The PhidgetEncoder Highspeed 4-Input has the added ability to time the duration between a group of quadrature changes. The time is returned in microseconds. This time value can be used to calculate velocity and acceleration with very high precision.

If the number of quadrature counts per revolution is unknown for a particular encoder, this value can be determined by using the index signal. In addition, it is possible to monitor how many counts have occurred since the last index. The index signal is an output only on certain encoders. Refer to the encoder’s description to check if this third output channel exists or not. If the encoder does not have this signal, it is still possible to use it with the PhidgetEncoder Highspeed 4-Input, but an event for the index will never get triggered.

The maximum rate of the PhidgetEncoder Highspeed 4-Input is specified at 250,000 quadrature cycles per second. Since this device counts pulses rather than cycles, you could also say that it counts a maximum of 1,000,000 pulses per second (since there are four pulses in a cycle). In your application, these numbers relate directly to the number of revolutions per second you wish to measure, and the number of counts per revolution specified for your encoder. If your encoder's wheel has 1000 counts per revolution, then the limit on measurable revolutions per second is 250, or 15,000rpm (which, for the 1047, corresponds to 1000 position changes in software per second).

One of the most common problems encountered with connecting encoders to a 1047 is a strange "jitter" characterized by the encoder position appearing to switch back and forth between 0 and 1 or -1 and nothing else. This is usually indicative of a bad connection on either the A or B channel. You should check that the wiring is sound and try again.

Choosing Encoders

The PhidgetEncoder Highspeed 4-Input incorporates a 10 kOhm pull-up resistor on each line from the encoder input connector. If your encoder is mechanical, these pull-up resistors eliminate the requirement to add your own external pull-up resistors.

Some optical encoders will have a simple photo-transistor / open-collector output. The 10 kOhm pull-up resistor may have to be augmented with a stronger parallel resistor if your optical encoder datasheet calls for it. Some open-collector outputs will not be strong enough to pull this resistor to ground. These encoders are not compatible with the 1047, and may only work initially, or not at all. If you have any doubts, please contact us.

Most optical encoders have a push-pull output, and the pull-up resistor is irrelevant, but weak enough not cause problems.

We have reviewed the following encoders, and found that they can be used with the PhidgetEncoder Highspeed 4-Input. This is not meant to be a comprehensive list but should be used as examples of the type of encoders that can be used with the 1047.

Manufacturer	Web Page	Part Number
Grayhill	www.Grayhill.com	Series 63R, Series 61R Series 63Q TTL Output
US Digital (Recommended)	www.USDigital.com	S4, S5, E2, E3, E4, E4P, etc.
Avago Technologies (Formerly Agilent)	www.avagotech.com	HEDS 5500
CUI Inc.	www.cui.com	AMT103-V

Connectors

Each Input uses a 5-pin, 0.100 inch pitch locking connector. The connectors are commonly available - refer to the Table below for manufacturer part numbers.

Manufacturer	Part Number	Description
Molex	50-57-9405	5 Position Cable Connector
Molex	16-02-0102	Wire Crimp Insert for Cable Connector
Molex	70543-0004	5 Position Vertical PCB Connector
Molex	70553-0004	5 Position Right-Angle PCB Connector (Gold)
Molex	70553-0039	5 Position Right-Angle PCB Connector (Tin)
Molex	15-91-2055	5 Position Right-Angle PCB Connector - Surface Mount

Note: Most of the above components can be bought at Digikey.

Further Reading

If you want to know more about encoders, check out the Encoder Primer.

If you'd like to know more about the digital inputs on the 1047, visit the Digital Input Primer.

What to do Next

• Programming Languages - Find your preferred programming language here and learn how to write your own code with Phidgets!
• Phidget Programming Basics - Once you have set up Phidgets to work with your programming environment, we recommend you read our page on to learn the fundamentals of programming with Phidgets.