Language - C Sharp

C# is a modern, object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft.

Introduction

If this is your first time working with a Phidget, we suggest starting with the Getting Started page for your specific device. This can be found in the user guide for your device. That page will walk you through installing drivers and libraries for your operating system, and will then bring you back here to use C# specifically.

C# is capable of using the complete Phidget API, including events. We also provide example code in C# for all Phidget devices.

C# can be developed with various Windows compilers (including Mono), Mac OS X, and Linux.{{{5}}}

You can compare C# with our other supported languages.

Quick Downloads

Just need the C/C++ drivers, libraries, and examples? Here they are:

C# API Documentation:

• C# API Manual Download or (HTML online version)
• General API (more help on functions common to all Phidgets)
• Device Specific APIs (more help on functions specific to your Phidget)

C# Example Code:

• C# Example Code

Libraries and Drivers:

• 32 bit Windows (drivers, with libraries)
• 64 bit Windows (drivers, with libraries)
• General Linux Libraries ( Linux Library Setup Instructions)
• General Mac OSX Libraries ( Mac OS X Library Setup Instructions)

Getting started with C#

If you are new to writing code for Phidgets, we recommend starting by running, then modifying existing examples. This will allow you to:

• Make sure your libraries are properly linked
• Go from source code to a test application as quickly as possible
• Ensure your Phidget is hooked up properly

Instructions are divided up by operating system. Choose:

• Windows 2000 / XP / Vista / 7
• Mac OS X
• Linux (including PhidgetSBC)

Windows(2000/XP/Vista/7)

Libraries

• 32 bit Windows Installer (drivers, with libraries)
• 64 bit Windows Installer (drivers, with libraries)

Description

C# programs on Windows depend on three files, which the installers above put onto your system:

• phidget21.dll contains the actual Phidgets library, which is used at run-time. If you used our installer, it's already correctly placed in C:\Windows\System32. It can be manually installed - check our Manual Installation instructions.
• Phidget21.NET.dll is used...
• Phidget21.NET1.1.dll is used...

Running the examples and writing your own code can be fairly compiler-specific, so we include instructions for each compiler below.

Visual Studio

If you are using Visual Studio 2005/2008/2010, please start by downloading the C# Examples. These examples were written in Visual Studio 2005 and 2008, but Visual Studio 2010 will easily upgrade them.

• Microsoft Visual C# Examples

If you are using Visual Studio 2003, please start by downloading the Generic C# examples.

• Microsoft Visual C# Examples

Microsoft makes free versions of Visual Studio available known as Express Editions. The Express editions are suitable for most applications, but are limited in features for more complex applications. Please see Microsoft Visual Studio for more information.

Visual Studio 2005/2008/2010

Use Our Examples

If you are opening the Phidget examples in Visual Studio 2010, you will need to go through the Visual Studio Conversion Wizard to convert the 2005 or 2008 project.

To run the examples, you first download them from above and unpack them into a folder. To load all projects in Visual Studio, go to File | Open | Project | Solution, and open Visual Studio Phidgets Examples.sln in the VCpp folder of the examples.

This will load all of the examples available for C#, and then you can set your main project to be the one that matches your device. If you aren't sure what the software example for your device is called, check the software object listed in the Getting Started guide for your device.

The only thing left to do is to run the examples! Click on Debug -> Start Debugging. Please note that the projects, by default try to find the phidget21.h and phidget21.lib in the $(SystemDrive)\Program Files\Phidgets. If you have these files installed in another location, please change the path accordingly. Please see the next section for details.



Once you have the C/C++ examples running, we have a teaching section below to help you follow them.

Write Your Own Code

When you are building a project from scratch, or adding Phidget function calls to an existing project, you'll need to configure your compiler / development environment to properly link the Phidget C/C++ libraries. To begin:

• Generate a new Visual C++: Win32 Console Application project with a descriptive name such as PhidgetTest.

Next, select Console Application

• Open the project properties window.
• Navigate to Configuration Properties | C/C++.
• Add "C:\Program Files\Phidgets" to the additional directories field. This step will find the phidget21.h file in the corresponding directory. If the file is placed in another location, please adjust the path accordingly.

• Navigate to Configuration Properties | Linker | Input.
• Edit the additional dependencies and add "C:\Program Files\Phidgets\phidget21.lib". This step will find the phidget21.lib file in the corresponding directory. If the file is placed in another location, please adjust the path accordingly.

The project now has access to the Phidget21 function calls and you are ready to begin coding.

Then, in your code, you will need to include the Phidget library:

  #include <phidget21.h>

The same teaching section which describes the examples also has further resources for programming your Phidget.

Visual Studio 2003

Start by downloading the C# Examples. You can import the simple examples into a Visual Studio 2003 C# project.

• Microsoft Visual C# Examples

Use Our Examples

Download the examples from above and unpack them into a folder. Here, you can find example programs for all the devices. If you aren't sure what the software example for your device is called, check the software object listed in the Getting Started guide for your device. You will need this example source code to be copied into your C++ project later on.

Next, a new project will need to be created.

• Generate a new Visual C++ empty project(.NET) with a descriptive name such as PhidgetTest.

To import the example program into your project, please:

• Create a new C++ file by adding a new item to the source files folder.

• An empty C++ file will pop up. Please copy and paste the contents of the example program into here.

Next, the project setting needs to be set up.

• Open the project properties window.
• Navigate to Configuration Properties | C/C++.
• Add "C:\Program Files\Phidgets" to the additional include directories field. This step will find the phidget21.h file in the corresponding directory. If the file is placed in another location, please adjust the path accordingly.

• Navigate to Configuration Properties | Linker | Input.
• Add "C:\Program Files\Phidgets\phidget21.lib" to the additional dependencies field. This step will find the phidget21.lib file in the corresponding directory. If the file is placed in another location, please adjust the path accordingly.

The project now has access to the Phidget21 function calls and you are ready to begin coding.

Now, you can run the example. Click on Debug | Start Without Debugging.

Once you have the C/C++ examples running, we have a teaching section below to help you follow them.

Write Your Own Code

When you are building a project from scratch, or adding Phidget function calls to an existing project, you'll need to configure your compiler / development environment to properly link the Phidget C/C++ libraries. Please see the previous section for instructions.

Mono

Start by downloading the C# Examples.

• Microsoft Visual C# Examples

Use Our Examples

Once you have the C/C++ examples running, we have a teaching section below to help you follow them.

Write Your Own Code

When you are building a project from scratch, or adding Phidget function calls to an existing project, you'll need to configure your compiler / development environment to properly link the Phidget C/C++ libraries. Please see the previous section for instructions.

MonoDevelop

Start by downloading the Generic C/C++ Examples. You can import these examples into a Dev C++ project.

• Generic C/C++ Examples

Use Our Examples

Download the examples from above and unpack them into a folder. Here, you can find example programs for all the devices. If you aren't sure what the software example for your device is called, check the software object listed in the Getting Started guide for your device. You will need this example source code to be copied into your Dev C++ project later on.

In order to control Phidgets with Dev C++, the phidget21.lib file will need to be converted to a format that Dev C++ accepts, as described in the following steps:

• Download the reimp tool
• Open up command line and traverse to the directory containing the reimp tool. Type the following command to create libphidget21.a

  reimp.exe "C:\Program Files\Phidgets\phidget21.lib"

The command above assumes that the phidget21.lib is in the corresponding directory. If the file is placed in another location, please adjust the path accordingly. Please note that the 64 bit version of phidget21.lib is not supported on Dev C/C++. Please use the 32 bit version of phidget21.lib.

• Place libphidget21.a in <Dev-Cpp Install Directory>/lib.

Next, a new project will need to be created. The following steps are written under Dev-C++ 4.9.9.2.

• Generate a new console application with a descriptive name such as PhidgetTest. Please select C as the project type.

Next, the project settings needs to be set up.

• Navigate to Project Options | Directories | Include Directories.
• Add a new path to C:\Program Files\Phidgets. This step will find the phidget21.h file in the corresponding directory. If the file is placed in another location, please adjust the path accordingly.

• Navigate to Project Options | Parameters | Linker.
• Add -lphidget21 to the field. This step will find the libphidget21.a file in <Dev-Cpp Install Directory>/lib.

The project now has access to the Phidget21 function calls and you are ready to begin coding.

To import the example program into your project, please:

• Open up main.c in the editor.
• An empty C file will pop up. Please copy and paste the contents of the example program here.

Now, you can run the example. Click on Execute | Compile & Run.

Once you have the C/C++ examples running, we have a teaching section below to help you follow them.

Write Your Own Code

When you are building a project from scratch, or adding Phidget function calls to an existing project, you'll need to configure your compiler / development environment to properly link the Phidget C/C++ libraries. Please see the previous section for instructions.

Mac OS X

C# has excellent support on Mac OS X through the gcc compiler.

The first step in using CC# on Mac is to install the Phidget libraries. Compile and install them as explained on the getting started guide for your device. Then, the OS - Mac OS X page also describes the different Phidget files, their installed locations, and their roles.

The information we say that we say on the OS - Mac OS X page (i.e. the different files, locations, and roles) should actually be added there

Use Our Examples

After installing the Phidget libraries for Linux as above, you're ready to run the examples:

• Generic C/C++ Examples

To run the example code, you'll need to find the source code for your specific device. Then, compile the code under your platform and run it.

The examples assume that the compiled libraries have been set up properly. To set them up on Mac OS X, follow the Getting Started page for your specific device

To compile, link the Phidget libraries, and build an executable binary on Mac OS X, do (for example, depending on the Headers location):

  gcc example.c -o example -framework Phidget21 -I/Library/Frameworks/Phidget21.framework/Headers

After using gcc, you will have an executable named example that you can run.

Write Your Own Code

When writing your code from scratch, you must include a reference to the library header:

  #include <phidget21.h>

Then, you would compile your completed C/C++ code the same way as the examples above.

To learn how to write your own code for your Phidget, and to learn more about our API, we have a teaching section to help you follow the provided C/C++ examples. Even more help and references are provided from there.

Linux

C# has support on Linux through the gcc compiler.

The first step in using C/C++ on Linux is to install the Phidget libraries. Compile and install them as explained on the main Linux page. That Linux page also describes the different Phidget files, their installed locations, and their roles.

Use Our Examples

After installing the Phidget libraries for Linux as above, you're ready to download and run the examples:

• Generic C/C++ Examples

To run the example code, you'll need to download and unpack the examples, and then find the source code for your specific device. The source file is usually named similarly to your device. Then, compile the code under your platform and run it. When compiling, you need to link to the phidget21 library.

To compile, link the Phidget libraries and build a binary executable on Linux, do the following in a terminal in the directory with example.c:

  gcc example.c -o example -lphidget21

In this case, example.c would be the .c file specific to your device. After using gcc, you will have an executable named example that you can run.

On Linux, if you have not set up your udev rules for USB access, you will need to run the program as root:

     sudo ./example

Write Your Own Code

When writing your code from scratch, you start it as you would any C/C++ code on Linux, such as within a text editor like Emacs, Vi, Gedit, or Kate. In your .c source code file, you must include a reference to the library header:

  #include <phidget21.h>

Then, you would compile your completed C/C++ code the same way as the examples above.

To learn how to write your own code for your Phidget, and to learn more about our API, we have a teaching section to help you follow the provided C/C++ examples and which has resources such as the API reference.

Follow The Examples

By following the instructions for your operating system and compiler above, you probably now have a working example and want to understand it better so you can change it to do what you want. This teaching section has resources for you to learn from the examples and write your own.

Next, comes our API information. These resources outline the C/C++ Phidget functions:

• C/C++ API (This is the complete set of functions you have available for all Phidgets)
• Device Specific APIs - The one for your Phidget can be found in its user guide.

To learn the details behind opening, configuring, using, and closing your Phidget, try the General Phidget Programming page. That page also describes using the Phidget in an event-driven manner and in a traditional manner, both of which are available in C/C++.

Example Flow

The Hello World example has this general structure so you can follow along. We also have an in-depth general introduction to writing Phidget code (like open, read data, etc), as well as the C/C++ API for specific syntax:

// ----- Event and Other Functions ----- Create any Language-Specific Functions (exception handling) Create General Attach, Detach, and Error Handling Functions: On attach: Print Hello Message On detach: Print Goodbye Message		In C/C++, you can name these event functions whatever you like. You will then pass them as function pointers to the Phidget library below in the Main Code section. This hooks them into the actual events when they occur. In the example code, the event functions common to all Phidgets are called things like AttachHandler() and DetachHandler(), etc. Some event functions will be specific to each device, like when a tag is read on an RFID board, or when a sensor value changes on an Interface Kit. Other functions are given in the examples to show you more detail on using your Phidget. For example, DeviceInitialize() will show what needs to be set up for your Phidget before using it.
// ----- Main Code ----- Create Manager Software Object Hook Event Functions created above to Device Open Device Wait for 'Enter' key character input Handle on-going attach and detach events Print Hello and Goodbye messages Exit upon input Close Device Delete Device		Creating a Phidget software object in C is specific to the Phidget. For a Phidget Spatial, for example, this would involve creating an object with the CPhidgetSpatialHandle type, and then initializing it using the CPhidgetSpatial_create function. The examples show how to do this and other API functions. Other C calls follow a similar syntax - CPhidgetXXX_function, where XXX is the name of your device, and function is an action available from the API for your specific Phidget.

Common Problems and Solutions/Workarounds

Here you can put various frequent problems and our recommended solutions.