Language - LiveCode

LiveCode is a high level programming language, developed by [RunRev] that draws on English-like syntax for rapid application development.

Introduction

If this is your first time working with a Phidget, we suggest starting with the Getting Started page for your specific device. This can be found in the user guide for your device. That page will walk you through installing drivers and libraries for your operating system, and will then bring you back here to use LiveCode specifically.

LiveCode is capable of using only the PhidgetInterfaceKit API, including events. We also provide example code in LiveCode for the PhidgetInterfaceKit.

LiveCode can be developed with Windows and Mac OS X.{{{5}}}

You can compare LiveCode with our other supported languages.

If you wish to use other devices with LiveCode, we have a guide providing the instructions to do so.

Quick Downloads

Just need the LiveCode drivers, libraries, and examples? Here they are:

LiveCode API Documentation:

• LiveCode API Manual Download
• General API (more help on functions common to all Phidgets)
• Device Specific APIs (more help on functions specific to your Phidget)

LiveCode Example Code:

• LiveCode Example Code

Libraries and Drivers:

• Phidgets LiveCode Library for Mac OS X
• Phidgets LiveCode Library for Windows
• 32 bit Windows (drivers, with libraries)
• 64 bit Windows (drivers, with libraries)
• General Mac OSX Libraries ( Mac OS X Library Setup Instructions)

Getting started with LiveCode

If you are new to writing code for Phidgets, we recommend starting by running, then modifying existing examples. This will allow you to:

• Make sure your libraries are properly linked
• Go from source code to a test application as quickly as possible
• Ensure your Phidget is hooked up properly

Instructions are divided up by operating system. Choose:

• Windows 2000 / XP / Vista / 7
• Mac OS X

Windows(2000/XP/Vista/7)

Libraries

• Phidgets LiveCode Library

Description of Library Files

LiveCode on Windows depend on the following files, which the installers above put onto your system:

• phidget21.dll contains the actual Phidgets library, which is used at run-time. If you used our installer, it's already placed in C:\Windows\System32. It can be manually installed - check our Manual Installation instructions.
• phidgets_livecode.dll is the Phidgets library for LiveCode. It should be placed in the LiveCode User Extensions folder. More information will be provided in the next section
• Externals.txt lets LiveCode know the name of the Phidgets LiveCode library as well as the name of its corresponding phidgets_livecode.dll. More information will be provided in the next section

Use Our Examples

Currently, the only device we support and have examples for is the PhidgetInterfaceKit. In particular, the examples were written with the PhidgetInterfaceKit 8/8/8 in mind. If you have a different PhidgetInterfaceKit, you will need to modify the example to meet the number of digital inputs, digital outputs, and analog inputs that your device support.

To run the examples,

• Open up the LiveCode environment.

• Go to Edit → Preferences

• In the Files & Memory tab, locate the User Extensions field. This is the path where the Phidgets LiveCode library be placed.

• Traverse to this directory in Windows Explorer. Create a folder named Externals if it does not already exist. Place Externals.txt and phidgets_livecode.dll inside the Externals folder.

• Download the examples from above and unpack them into a folder. Navigate to the LiveCode/InterfaceKit Example folder, and open InterfaceKit-full.rev in LiveCode. These examples were written in LiveCode 4.5, but will also work with other versions.

• If the device is properly connected to your computer, the example will be running in Pointer Tool mode.

‎

Switch to the Browser Tool if you want to control GUI elements such as buttons, and scroll bars.

Once you have the LiveCode example running, we have a teaching section below to help you follow them.

Write Your Own Code

When you are building a project from scratch, or adding Phidget function calls to an existing project, you'll need to configure your development environment to properly link the Phidgets LiveCode libraries. To begin:

• Generate a new Mainstack.

• Open up the Application Browser.

• Edit the script of the mainstack, Untitled 1.

• You will need to tell LiveCode to reference the Phidgets library. Copy the following into the script of the mainstack:

  on preOpenStack
    if the short name of the owner of the target is the short name of me and \
        "phidgets_livecodeExternalWrapper" is not among the lines of the stacksInUse then
      set the visible of the templateStack to false
      set the name of the templateStack to "phidgets_livecodeExternalWrapper"
      set the externals of the templateStack to $EXTERNAL_LIBRARY
      create stack
      start using stack "phidgets_livecodeExternalWrapper"
    end if
  end preOpenStack

The project now has access to the Phidget21 function calls and you are ready to begin coding.

The same teaching section which describes the examples also has further resources for programming your Phidget.

Creating Standalone Applications

When you are finished coding, and want to create an executable, you will have to inform LiveCode to package the Phidgets library along with the executable.

• Place Externals.txt and phidgets_livecode.dll inside the Runtime folder of your LiveCode User Extensions.

[[File:LiveCode User Extensions 3.PNG|link=|alt=User Extensions Folder]

• Notice that the files are placed in a hierarchical structure of folders. Please see RunRev for more details regarding setting up this hierarchical structure for the Runtime folder.

• Click on File → Standalone Application Settings.

• In the Script Libraries scroll box, please select phidgets_livecode

• Then, navigate to the directory of the application you created. Here, you will see a folder named Externals. Place phidgets_livecode.dll in this directory.

Now, the application can be used to control Phidgets.

Mac OS X

LiveCode has excellent support on Mac OS X.

The first step in using LiveCode on Mac is to install the Phidget libraries. Compile and install them as explained on the getting started guide for your device. Then, the OS - Mac OS X page also describes the different Phidget files, their installed locations, and their roles....

Libraries

• Phidgets LiveCode Library

Description

LiveCode on Windows depend on the following files, which the installers above put onto your system:

• libphidget21.so contains the actual Phidgets library, which is used at run-time. If you used our installer, it's already placed in C:\Windows\System32. It can be manually installed - check our Manual Installation instructions.
• phidgets_livecode.bundle is the Phidgets library for LiveCode. It should be placed in the LiveCode User Extensions folder. More information will be provided in the next section
• Externals.txt lets LiveCode know the name of the Phidgets LiveCode library as well as the name of its corresponding phidgets_livecode.dll. More information will be provided in the next section

Follow The Examples

By following the instructions for your operating system and compiler above, you probably now have a working example and want to understand it better so you can change it to do what you want. This teaching section has resources for you to learn from the examples and write your own.

Next, comes our API information. These resources outline the LiveCode Phidget methods:

• LiveCode API (This is the complete set of functions you have available for all Phidgets)
• Device Specific APIs - The one for your Phidget can be found in its user guide.

To learn the details behind opening, configuring, using, and closing your Phidget, try the General Phidget Programming page. That page also describes using the Phidget in an event-driven manner and in a traditional manner, both of which are available in LiveCode.

Example Flow

The Hello World example has this general structure so you can follow along. We also have an in-depth general introduction to writing Phidget code (like open, read data, etc), as well as the LiveCode API for specific syntax:

// ----- Event and Other Functions ----- Create any Language-Specific Functions (exception handling) Create General Attach, Detach, and Error Handling Functions: On attach: Print Hello Message On detach: Print Goodbye Message		In LiveCode, you can name these event functions whatever you like. You will then pass them as function pointers to the Phidget library below in the Main Code section. This hooks them into the actual events when they occur. In the example code, the event functions common to all Phidgets are called things like AttachHandler() and DetachHandler(), etc.
// ----- Main Code ----- Create Manager Software Object Hook Event Functions created above to Device Open Device Wait for 'Enter' key character input Handle on-going attach and detach events Print Hello and Goodbye messages Exit upon input Close Device Delete Device		The object provides device specific methods and properties which are available from the API for your specific Phidget.

Extending LiveCode to other Phidgets

The Phidgets LiveCode library was developed from a C++ external wrapper and allows the PhidgetInterfaceKit to be programmable in LiveCode. It is possible to extend this external to other Phidgets as well. The goal of this section is to equip the reader with knowledge so that they can understand the relationship between LiveCode and the Phidgets framework. It is intended to provide guidance for readers who wish to extend LiveCode to other Phidgets. This guide uses C++, Microsoft Visual Studio 2005(for Windows XP SP3), XCode 3.2.4(for Mac OS X 10.6.4), LiveCode 4.5 IDE and it is assumed that the reader has a solid understanding of these technologies. It will also help if you are familiar with programming with Phidgets in C/C++. For your reference, the Visual Studio and XCode project solutions for the Phidgets LiveCode library are provided in the LiveCode examples

The first step is to download LiveCode Externals Creator SDK from RunRev. Run the SDK, select C++ as the language, enter the project name, select the platform and specify the LiveCode installation path. Hit generate to create a skeleton project for the external.

The next step is to setup the environment to allow for access to the Phidget21 function call.

In Visual Studio, you will need the latest Phidget21 Windows library and header - these are installed into C:\Program Files\Phidgets by default if you ran the Phidgets installer. Place the phidget21.lib and phidget21.h in the Visual Studio project directory. Be sure to open the properties window, navigate to Configuration Properties → Linker → Input and add phidget21.lib to the additional dependencies section. Also, include a reference to the library header in the source code.

In XCode, open the newly created .xcodeproj project into XCode. Add the Phidget21 framework to the project and include the a reference to the library header in the source code.

Now, we are ready to create external functions. LiveCode will have to acknowledge the existence of any external function. Function declarations are placed inside the USER DECLARATIONS section of the the code. Here, a call to the function phidgetsInterfaceKit_create in LiveCode will be mapped to a call to the C++ function,phidgetsInterfaceKit_create:

  EXTERNAL_DECLARE_FUNCTION("phidgetsInterfaceKit_create", phidgetsInterfaceKit_create)

For example, LiveCode will use the following lines of code to call the external function phidgetsInterfaceKit_create.

  local ifKit
  get phidgetsInterfaceKit_create("ifKit")  --"ifKit" is the name of the variable phid

The result of get phidgetsInterfaceKit_create("ifKit") will be 0 or the error code depending on whether the external function succeeded or failed, respectively.

Now, we implement the phidgetsInterfaceKit_create C++ function.

  void phidgetsInterfaceKit_create(char *p_arguments[], int p_argument_count, char **r_result, Bool *r_pass, Bool *r_err)
  {
    char outcome_str[8];
    CPhidgetInterfaceKitHandle ifKit = (CPhidgetInterfaceKitHandle) strtoul(p_arguments[0], NULL, 16);  
    int outcome=CPhidgetInterfaceKit_create(&ifKit);
    if(outcome==0){
      char str[90];
      int t_success;
      // Converts to Hexadecimal format
      sprintf(str,"%08x",ifKit);
      // Passes back to LiveCode a reference of the InterfaceKit handle
      SetVariable(p_arguments[0], str, &t_success);
    }
    sprintf(outcome_str, "%d", outcome);
    *r_result = strdup(outcome_str);
    *r_err = False;
    *r_pass = False;
    return;
  }

As you can see, this function follows the same format as a typical external function. p_arguments[] stores the arguments that are passed from the LiveCode function. First, we allocate memory to store a CPhidgetInterfaceKitHandle and store its address in ifKit. Next, we call the C function CPhidgetInterfaceKit_create, create the PhidgetInterfaceKit handle and return the error code to outcome. If outcome is 0, the address of ifKit is converted into hexadecimal form. The hexadecimal form is then stored in the LiveCode variable ifKit, so that LiveCode has a reference to the newly created InterfaceKit handle. Lastly, the result of this external function is stored in *r_result, which is passed back as the return value for the LiveCode function.

It is also possible to implement Phidgets events with LiveCode. We will implement the phidgetsInterfaceKit_set_OnSensorChange_Handler function. Again, we declare the existence of the function.

  EXTERNAL_DECLARE_FUNCTION("phidgetsInterfaceKit_set_OnSensorChange_Handler", phidgetsInterfaceKit_set_OnSensorChange_Handler)

In LiveCode, we use the following code to call the external function.

  get phidgetsInterfaceKit_set_OnSensorChange_Handler(ifKit, "sensorChange")

and sensorChange is the name of the LiveCode command to be called whenever a digital input changes. This command must be in the script of the card that called phidgetsInterfaceKit_set_OnSensorChange_Handler or its stack. The form of the command is as follow:

  command sensorChange phid pIndex pValue
    ...
  end sensorChange

Now, we implement the phidgetsInterfaceKit_set_OnSensorChange_Handler C++ function

  void phidgetsInterfaceKit_set_OnSensorChange_Handler(char *p_arguments[], int p_argument_count, char **r_result, Bool *r_pass, Bool *r_err)
  {  
    CPhidgetInterfaceKitHandle ifKit = (CPhidgetInterfaceKitHandle)strtoul(p_arguments[0], NULL, 16);  
    char* str=(char *)malloc(90);
    str=strdup(p_arguments[1]);
    int outcome=CPhidgetInterfaceKit_set_OnSensorChange_Handler((CPhidgetInterfaceKitHandle)ifKit, &SensorChangeHandler, str);
    returnOutcome(outcome, r_result, r_pass, r_err);
  }

and the callback function

  int __stdcall SensorChangeHandler(CPhidgetInterfaceKitHandle ifKit, void *usrptr, int Index, int Value)
  {
    int t_success;
    char * scmMsg;
    scmMsg=NULL;
    scmMsg = (char *)malloc(512);
    sprintf(scmMsg, "send \"%s %08x, %d, %d\" to current card", (char *)usrptr, ifKit, Index, Value);
    SendCardMessage(scmMsg, &t_success);
    if (scmMsg != NULL)
      free(scmMsg);
    return 0
  }

Note: For Mac OS X, __stdcall is not needed.

Here, we use SendCardMessage to run the LiveCode command sensorChange. The message will be passed to the card that called phidgetsInterfaceKit_set_OnSensorChange_Handler before passing through the stack in the message hierarchy. Other Phidgets and functions can be extended in a similar manner. The C/C++ API Manual contains calls and events for every type of Phidget.

Common Problems and Solutions/Workarounds

Here you can put various frequent problems and our recommended solutions.